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Corporal punishment in the home (also called domestic corporal punishment) refers to an act by a parent or other guardian causing deliberate physical pain or discomfort to a minor child in response to some undesired behaviour by the child. Corporal punishment of children typically takes the form of spanking or slapping the child with an open hand or striking with an implement such as a belt, slipper, cane, hairbrush or paddle, shaking, pinching, forced ingestion of substances, or forcing children to stay in uncomfortable positions. Social acceptance of corporal punishment is high in countries where it remains lawful, particularly among some religious groups. In many cultures, parents have historically been regarded as having the right, if not the duty, to physically punish misbehaving children in order to teach appropriate conduct. Researchers, on the other hand, point out that corporal punishment typically has the opposite effect, leading to more aggressive behaviour in children and less long-term obedience. Other adverse effects, such as depression, anxiety, antisocial behaviour, and increased risk of physical abuse, have also been linked to the use of corporal punishment by parents. Evidence shows that spanking and other physical punishments, while nominally for the purpose of discipline, are inconsistently applied, often being used when parents are angry or under stress. Severe forms of corporal punishment, including kicking, biting, scalding, and burning, can also constitute unlawful child abuse. International human-rights and treaty bodies such as the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Council of Europe, and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights have advocated an end to all forms of corporal punishment, arguing that it violates children's dignity and right to physical integrity. During the 20th century, some countries began removing legal defences for adult guardians' use of corporal punishment, followed by outright bans on the practice, although such bans often do not not carry criminal penalties. Many existing laws grant exceptions for "reasonable" physical punishment against charges of child abuse and/or criminal battery, a defence rooted in common law. Since Sweden's 1979 ban on all corporal punishment of children, an increasing number of countries have enacted similar bans, particularly following international adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, domestic corporal punishment of children remains legal in most of the world. == Forms of punishment == The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child defines "corporal punishment" as: According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, "Corporal punishment involves the application of some form of physical pain in response to undesirable behavior", and "ranges from slapping the hand of a child about to touch a hot stove to identifiable child abuse, such as beatings, scaldings, and burnings. Because of this range in the form and severity of punishment, its use as a discipline strategy is controversial".〔 There exists disagreement over where to draw the line between corporal punishment and physical abuse. Incidents of physical abuse often result from the use of corporal punishment for purposes of discipline, whether from parents' inability to control their anger or judge their own strength, or from not understanding children’s physical vulnerabilities, for example.〔("Corporal Punishment" ) (2008). ''International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences''.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「corporal punishment in the home」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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